A novel watermarking framework for scalable coded video that improves the robustness against quality scalable compression is\r\npresented in this paper. Unlike the conventional spatial-domain (t + 2D) water-marking scheme where the motion compensated\r\ntemporal filtering (MCTF) is performed on the spatial frame-wise video data to decompose the video, the proposed framework\r\napplies the MCTF in the wavelet domain (2D + t) to generate the coefficients to embed the watermark. Robustness performances\r\nagainst scalable content adaptation, such asMotion JPEG 2000, MC-EZBC, or H.264-SVC, are reviewed for various combinations\r\nof motion compensated 2D+t+2D using the proposed framework. The MCTF is improved by modifying the update step to\r\nfollow the motion trajectory in the hierarchical temporal decomposition by using direct motion vector fields in the update step and\r\nimplied motion vectors in the prediction step. The results show smaller embedding distortion in terms of both peak signal to noise\r\nratio and flickering metrics compared to frame-by-frame video watermarking while the robustness against scalable compression is\r\nimproved by using 2D + t over the conventional t + 2D domain video watermarking, particularly for blind watermarking schemes\r\nwhere the motion is estimated from the watermarked video.
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